МЕТОДИЧНИЙ ПРОЕКТ    ПЕРЕКЛАД АНГЛОМОВНОЇ ХІМІЧНОЇ ЛІТЕРАТУРИІВАНО-ФРАНКІВСЬК -2016   Методичний проект Переклад англомовної хімічної літератури: загальні принципи Підготувала ст.гр. ПФ-14-1 Зуєва Х. О. Івано-Франківськ – 2016 УДК 811.111 (075.8) ББК 8.12 Англ. - 923 Методичний проект призначений для розвитку навичок та вмінь усного та письмового перекладу у галузі хімії. Зміст методичної роботи забезпечує засвоєння фонових знань та знайомство з найбільш вживаною термінологією. Для студентів вищих навчальних закладів, що спеціалізуються у галузі хімічних наук, студентів перекладацьких відділень (факультетів) університетів, які прагнуть вдосконалити власні навички та вміння перекладання хімічної літератури. ББК 8.12 Англ. - 923 Contents THE NATURE OF MATTER Reading chemical equations Reading chemical formulas  Welcome to chemistry! Chemistry is the science of matter and its interactions. Everything around you is made of atoms – atoms and their chemical combinations, molecules. Everything you can see, touch, smell, and taste is made up of chemicals. So, the science of chemistry is a very wide ranging science. Parts can concentrate on how interactions of atoms and molecules allow the nerves in your body to conduct electrical signals. Other parts might concentrate on analyzing clues left by a burglar in order to help the police solve a crime. Still, other parts of chemistry might be involved in making new polymers that might be used by the fashion industry to make more colorful and longer wearing fabrics. If you have access to a computer and the internet, there are a number of excellent tutoring sites to help students gain a better understanding of chemistry. One of the better sites for middle school students Is: www.chem4kids.com/ This site is written at university level and has a number of on-line tests that you can use to check your understanding of the material. Several other good internet sites are: http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistry101/Chemistry_101_Introduction_to_Chemistry.html - Chemistry 101 - a collection of articles and on-line help sites in chemistry http://library.thinkquest.org/10429/low/indexl.htm - ChemWeb on line - an introductory chemistry course on line http://library.thinkquest.org/2923/ - Chemistry Tutor – on line help for chemistry So, let’s get started! Good luck! / This is a modern version of the periodic table that Mendeleyev came up with. The vertical columns are called groups or families. Elements in these groups would have similar chemical properties. For example, all of the elements in VIIIA have filled outer shells – the maximum number of electrons that can go into these shells. This is a stable configuration, so these elements are not very reactive. These elements are called the Nobel Gases or Inert Gases. The elements in group IA all have one electron in the outer shell. All of these elements react by loss of t hat electron. They are all metals and are called the Alkali Metals. THE NATURE OF MATTER How do we measure matter? Scientists world wide use the International System of Measurement (SI). This is more commonly known as the metric system. By using a common system of measurements, scientists are able to compare measurements made in different laboratories. The metric system is based on factors of 10. One measurement unit can be converted to a larger unit by multiplying the unit by 10. The base name of the unit would stay the same, but the prefix would change. Example: Take the unit of length, which is the meter in the metric system. A meter is slightly longer than a yard. In fact, one meter is equal to 1.094 yards. Other units of length in t he metric system could be had by adding a prefix to meter. Prefix Multiplication Factor Name Symbol  kilo- 1000 kilometer k  hecto- 100 hectometer h  deca- 10 decameter d   1 meter m  centi- 0.01 centimeter cm  milli- 0.001 millimeter mm   When ...